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Sheria Smart is Kenya's legal information and self representation platform. We are not a law firm. We give you the tools to understand the law and to act on it where the law permits. For legal advice on your specific matter, consult a qualified LSK advocate.
Legal Information and Self Representation, Built for Kenya

Know your rights.
Act on them.

Understand the law, prepare your matter, and act on it yourself where the law permits. Sheria Smart gives you primary sources, self help templates, and a clear path to a qualified LSK advocate when your matter calls for one.

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Self Representation Toolkit
Act on your rights. The law allows it.
My Rights
Constitution 2010, Bill of Rights
Self Help Templates
Starting drafts, review with advocate
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Legal Aid
Free help and human rights support
Legal Library
Statutes, cases, Gazette
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Zia
Legal information assistant
5 of 5 free questions remaining today

Karibu. I am Zia.

Ask me about your rights, about a specific law, or about representing yourself in court where the law permits it. I share legal information only, and I will point you to a qualified LSK advocate when your matter needs one.

Rights when arrested
Self represent in Small Claims
Employment Act
Land Act
My Rights
Constitution of Kenya, 2010

The Bill of Rights, in plain English.

Chapter Four of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 guarantees the fundamental rights and freedoms of every person. Tap any card to expand it.

Self Help Templates
Starting drafts, review with advocate

Document drafts to get you started.

Important Disclaimer

These templates are document resources intended as self help starting points. They do not replace, and should never be treated as a substitute for, your right to obtain independent legal counsel or representation. Every template here should be reviewed by a qualified LSK advocate before you sign, serve, file, or otherwise rely on it. Sheria Smart does not take instructions for reward and does not practise law within the meaning of the Advocates Act, Cap 16.

Tenancy

Notice to Vacate

Structured 30 day notice for tenants under the Rent Restriction Act and the Landlord and Tenant (Shops, Hotels and Catering Establishments) Act.

Fill in and download →
Employment

Demand Letter to Employer

For unpaid wages, terminal dues, or breach of contract under the Employment Act 2007.

Fill in and download →
Small Claims

Statement of Claim (KES 1M and below)

Per the Small Claims Court Act 2016. Filing fee and next steps included.

Fill in and download →
Consumer

Complaint to Competition Authority

For defective goods and misleading trade practices under the Consumer Protection Act 2012.

Fill in and download →
Affidavit

General Affidavit of Facts

Sworn statement before a Commissioner for Oaths. Use as a starting structure.

Fill in and download →
Family

Parenting Plan Draft

Joint parenting, access, and maintenance terms under the Children Act 2022.

Fill in and download →
Authority

General Power of Attorney

Appoint a trusted person to act on your behalf for specified matters under the Registration of Documents Act.

Fill in and download →
Succession

Simple Will

Direct distribution of your estate, executor appointment, and attestation per the Law of Succession Act, Cap 160.

Fill in and download →
Debt

Acknowledgement of Debt

Written admission of a debt with repayment schedule and default terms. Protects both parties.

Fill in and download →
Travel

Consent for Minor to Travel

Both parents' written consent for a child travelling without one or both parents. Required by immigration authorities.

Fill in and download →
Employment

Resignation Letter

Professional resignation with proper notice period per the Employment Act 2007.

Fill in and download →
Partnership

Memorandum of Understanding

Cooperation framework between organisations, NGOs, schools, or businesses. Sets out purpose, contributions, and boundaries of the partnership.

Fill in and download →
Authority

General Power of Attorney

Appoint another person to act on your behalf in financial or legal matters under the Powers of Attorney Act, Cap 2.

Fill in and download →
Succession

Simple Will

Basic testamentary disposition under the Law of Succession Act, Cap 160. Two witnesses required for validity.

Fill in and download →
Debt

Acknowledgement of Debt

Written admission of a sum owed, enforceable under the Limitation of Actions Act. Six-year enforcement window.

Fill in and download →
Travel

Consent for Minor to Travel

Parental consent letter for a minor travelling abroad, required by most immigration authorities.

Fill in and download →
Loan

Loan Agreement

Private loan between individuals with repayment schedule, interest, and default provisions.

Fill in and download →
Employment

Resignation Letter

Formal notice of resignation per the Employment Act, 2007, with notice period and handover offer.

Fill in and download →
Document
Fill the fields below

Fill in the fields below. The document you generate is a self help starting draft only, not legal advice. Review it with a qualified LSK advocate before filing or using it.

Find an Advocate
LSK verified, near you

Connect with a qualified LSK advocate.

Every practising advocate in Kenya is on the Law Society of Kenya roll. Verify any advocate directly on the LSK website before engaging them.

Official Directory

Law Society of Kenya

Search the official LSK roll by name, practice area, or location. Every listed advocate holds a current practising certificate and is a member in good standing.

Open lsk.or.ke →
Verify

Verify an Advocate

Before engaging anyone calling themselves an advocate, confirm their name on the LSK roll. Unregistered persons holding themselves out as advocates commit an offence under the Advocates Act, Cap 16.

Check the roll →
Pro Bono

LSK Public Interest Legal Aid

For matters of public interest or genuine hardship, request pro bono representation through the LSK Committee on Public Interest Legal Aid and Human Rights.

Apply for pro bono →

Need help choosing?

Tell us about your matter and we will send you a shortlist of three LSK advocates who handle your area of practice, in your preferred location. Free service, no referral fee.

Sheria Smart is not a law firm and does not represent you. The shortlist we send is for your convenience only. You engage the advocate directly and the advocate-client relationship is between you and them.

Legal Library
Statutes, courts, parliament, land

Kenya's law at your fingertips.

Primary sources, organized for easy reference. All citations link back to Kenya Law Reports, the Kenya Gazette, and official government portals.

Primary Sources
Constitution

Constitution of Kenya, 2010

The supreme law of Kenya, all 18 chapters. Full text on the Kenya Law website. Open on kenyalaw.org →

Statutes

Laws of Kenya

Every Act of Parliament, indexed by chapter and subject. Search kenyalaw.org →

Case Law

Kenya Law Reports

Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, and High Court decisions, searchable by keyword, citation, or judge. Search case law →

Gazette

Kenya Gazette

Current and archived issues, including notices, subsidiary legislation, and appointments. Open kenyagazette →

Government Institutions
Judiciary

Judiciary of Kenya

The Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, Employment and Labour Relations Court, Environment and Land Court, Magistrates Courts, and Kadhis Courts. Filing, cause lists, judgments, and court stations nationwide. judiciary.go.ke →

Parliament

Parliament of Kenya

The National Assembly and the Senate. Bills, Order Papers, Hansard, committee reports, and Members of Parliament by constituency and county. parliament.go.ke →

State Law Office

Office of the Attorney General

The principal legal adviser to the Government under Article 156 of the Constitution. Hosts the Registrar General (marriages, societies, adoptions), the Advocates Complaints Commission, the Civil Litigation Division, and the National Legal Aid Service. statelaw.go.ke →

Estates

Public Trustee (Administrator General)

Administers the estates of persons who die without a Will, without an executor, or whose beneficiaries are minors. The Public Trustee acts under the Public Trustee Act, Cap 168, in offices at Sheria House, Nairobi, and in regional stations including Haki House, Kisumu. Open statelaw.go.ke →

AG Services

Attorney General Online Services

Registration of marriages, child adoptions, coats of arms, societies, and other services previously requiring a physical visit to Sheria House. Single sign on through your eCitizen account. oag.ecitizen.go.ke →

Land

Ardhisasa · Ministry of Lands

Real land searches, title verification, and land transactions online. The Ministry of Lands digital portal currently covers Nairobi County with other counties onboarding. Requires an account and the prescribed search fee. For counties not yet on Ardhisasa, use eCitizen below. ardhisasa.lands.go.ke →

Services

eCitizen

The Government of Kenya single sign on for citizen services. Passport applications, driving licences, birth and death certificates, business registration, police clearance, and more than a hundred other government services. ecitizen.go.ke →

Financial and Capital Markets
Securities

Nairobi Securities Exchange

The sole securities exchange licensed by the Capital Markets Authority in Kenya. Live share prices, listed companies, indices including NASI and NSE 25, bonds, REITs, derivatives, and corporate announcements. Founded 1954 as the Nairobi Stock Exchange. nse.co.ke →

Regulator

Capital Markets Authority

The statutory regulator of the Kenyan capital markets under the Capital Markets Act, Cap 485A. Licenses brokers, investment banks, fund managers, and the NSE itself. File investor complaints here, check approved offers, and access investor education. cma.or.ke →

Central Bank

Central Bank of Kenya

The monetary authority under the Central Bank of Kenya Act, Cap 491. Interest rate decisions, foreign exchange rates, bank supervision, the Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation, and government securities (Treasury bills and bonds) through CBK DhowCSD. centralbank.go.ke →

Regional Law
Treaty

Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community

The founding legal instrument of the East African Community (1999, amended 2007). Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Somalia. Note: there is no "East African Constitution" as such. The proposed East African Political Federation would include one, but that framework is still being negotiated. eac.int/treaty →

Regional Court

East African Court of Justice

The judicial organ of the EAC. Hears disputes on the interpretation and application of the Treaty, and claims by individuals and companies affected by EAC Partner State action. eacj.org →

Legal Aid
Free help and human rights support

When you cannot afford an advocate.

These Kenyan organisations provide free legal assistance and human rights support. Every listing here is a verified public resource. Sheria Smart is not affiliated with these organisations and does not receive any referral fee.

Women and Children

FIDA Kenya

The Federation of Women Lawyers, Kenya. Established 1985. Over 1,400 women advocates providing free legal aid to women and children on matters of custody and maintenance, matrimonial disputes, gender based violence, employment discrimination, and sexual violence. More than three million women served to date.

fidakenya.org →

Human Rights

Kenya National Commission on Human Rights

Independent national human rights institution established under Article 59 of the Constitution. Investigates complaints of human rights violations, monitors government compliance, and provides redress where rights have been violated. File a complaint directly on their website or by email to haki@knchr.org.

knchr.org →

+254 20 2717908 · haki@knchr.org

Legal Advice

Kituo Cha Sheria

The oldest legal aid organisation in Kenya, founded 1973. Provides free legal advice, court representation, and legal education to the poor and marginalised. Operates the M-Haki SMS service for instant legal guidance in English and Kiswahili. Also runs a dedicated Forced Migration Programme for refugees and asylum seekers.

kituochasheria.or.ke →

SMS M-Haki: 0700 777 333 · +254 20 3874191

Rights Advocacy

Kenya Human Rights Commission

Non governmental human rights organisation founded 1992. Handles reports of discrimination, torture, extrajudicial killings, and other violations. Runs litigation, advocacy, and community legal empowerment programmes across the country.

khrc.or.ke →

+254 20 2044545 · +254 722 264497

Pro Bono

LSK Public Interest Legal Aid

The Law Society of Kenya maintains a pro bono directory of advocates who accept matters of public interest or hardship at no fee. The LSK Committee on Public Interest Legal Aid and Human Rights coordinates requests. Suitable for complex matters requiring a qualified advocate when cost is a barrier.

lsk.or.ke →

Tip. These organisations have waiting lists and eligibility requirements. For urgent matters involving imminent harm, contact the police on 999 or 112, or the Kenya Red Cross on 1199.
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Self Representation Toolkit
Act on your rights. The law allows it.
Your constitutional right

You can represent yourself in many Kenyan courts and tribunals.

Article 50(1) of the Constitution guarantees every Kenyan a fair hearing. Section 31 of the Small Claims Court Act expressly permits self representation. Many tribunals and ADR forums permit it too. This toolkit gives you the law, the procedure, and the tools to act on your rights where the law allows, and tells you honestly when an advocate is the better call.

The four laws that let you act on your own

1
Article 50(1), Constitution of Kenya 2010

Every person has the right to have any dispute decided in a fair and public hearing before a court or independent tribunal. The Constitution does not require an advocate as a condition of that right.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Source
2
Article 50(2)(g), Constitution of Kenya 2010

An accused person has the right to choose to be represented by an advocate and to be informed of this right promptly. The right to choose necessarily includes the right to decline representation and appear in person.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Source
3
Section 31, Small Claims Court Act, No. 2 of 2016

A party may appear in person or through a duly authorised representative who need not be a legal practitioner. This is the clearest statutory endorsement of self representation in Kenyan law, up to KES 1,000,000 in civil claims.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Source
4
Article 159(2)(c), Constitution of Kenya 2010

Courts shall be guided by the principle that alternative forms of dispute resolution, including reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, and traditional dispute resolution mechanisms, shall be promoted. These forums do not require an advocate.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Source

The line you must not cross

The Advocates Act, Cap 16, reserves certain activities to qualified advocates. You can represent yourself, but you cannot:
  • Hold yourself out as an advocate when you are not one (Section 33)
  • Act as an advocate for another person for reward (Section 31)
  • Prepare, for reward, conveyances, company formation documents, partnership agreements, or other instruments reserved by Section 34 to advocates
  • Sign instruments without endorsing your own name and address (Section 35)
Preparing a document for your own use, without reward, is lawful. Having an advocate review before filing is always the safer course.

Small Claims Court

Expressly permitted
Authority: Section 31, Small Claims Court Act 2016
Claim limit: KES 1,000,000
Timeline: 60 days to final determination
Languages: English, Kiswahili, or indigenous languages

The clearest forum for self representation. Designed from the ground up for ordinary Kenyans. Strict rules of evidence do not apply. Typical matters: unpaid invoices, rent deposit refund, faulty goods, breach of contract.

Last verified: 19 April 2026

Rent Restriction Tribunal

Permitted
Authority: Rent Restriction Act, Cap 296
Scope: Controlled tenancies only
Languages: English, Kiswahili

For disputes over rent increases, recovery of possession, and standard rent determination for controlled tenancies. You lodge your application with the Tribunal Secretariat.

Last verified: 19 April 2026

Business Premises Rent Tribunal

Permitted
Authority: Landlord and Tenant (Shops, Hotels and Catering Establishments) Act, Cap 301
Scope: Controlled business tenancies

For shop and business premises tenancy disputes, termination notices, and rent review.

Last verified: 19 April 2026

Court Annexed Mediation & ADR

Expressly supported
Authority: Article 159(2)(c), Constitution; Civil Procedure Act s. 59
Scope: Any matter suitable for mediation
Timeline: 30 to 90 days

Mediation is non adversarial and consensual. Ask the court to refer your matter to mediation, or engage an accredited mediator directly.

Last verified: 19 April 2026

Magistrate's Court

Permitted with caution
Authority: Article 50(1), Constitution; Civil Procedure Act, Cap 21
Scope: Civil claims beyond Small Claims Court jurisdiction, traffic offences, minor criminal matters

Self representation is lawful in any court. However, Magistrate's Court proceedings follow the Civil Procedure Rules 2010, which are more technical. Strongly consider engaging an advocate if the stakes exceed KES 500,000, the other side has counsel, or the law is contested.

Last verified: 19 April 2026

Small Claims Court, step by step

Small Claims Court Act 2016 and Small Claims Court Rules 2019. From filing to judgment, typically 60 days.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Source
1
Confirm jurisdiction

Your claim must be civil, valued at KES 1,000,000 or less, and fall within Section 12(1) of the Act. Most commonly: breach of contract, unpaid goods or services, small tort claims, recovery of movable property. Employment, land, and family matters are not in scope.

2
Identify the correct court station

File at the Small Claims Court nearest to where the respondent lives, works, or where the transaction happened. Check the Judiciary of Kenya website for current court stations.

3
Prepare the Statement of Claim (Form SCC 1)

Set out briefly the facts, the amount claimed, and the relief sought. Attach copies of contracts, invoices, receipts, or correspondence. Sign the form. Under Section 31, you do not need an advocate to sign.

4
File and pay the filing fee

Take the Statement of Claim to the court registry. Pay at the cashier. Filing fees start around KES 1,000. Keep the receipt.

5
Serve the Statement of Claim

The respondent must receive a copy. Service may be personal, by post, or on an agent. Complete Form SCC 5 (Affidavit of Service) and file it at court as proof.

6
Receive the respondent's response

The respondent has 14 days to file Form SCC 2 (Response to Claim) after service. If no response within time, apply for default judgment.

7
Attend the hearing

The Adjudicator schedules the matter quickly. Bring originals of every document, a clear timeline, and any witnesses. Address the Adjudicator as "Your Honour." Speak clearly, stick to facts.

8
Judgment and enforcement

The Adjudicator delivers judgment the same day or within days. If you win and the other side does not pay, file for execution under the Civil Procedure Rules. Warrants of attachment or garnishment may follow.

What to bring on hearing day

  • Original contracts, invoices, receipts, and correspondence
  • National Identity Card or passport
  • Proof of demand letter sent to the respondent
  • Any photographs or physical evidence
  • List of witnesses and their contact details
  • A clear written timeline of events
  • Your filing receipt from step 4

Courtroom etiquette

  • Arrive at least 30 minutes early
  • Dress respectfully. Smart casual is fine. Avoid hats, sunglasses, torn clothing
  • Stand when the Adjudicator enters or exits
  • Address the Adjudicator as "Your Honour"
  • Do not interrupt. Wait your turn to speak
  • Answer questions directly. Do not argue with the respondent
  • Keep your phone on silent or off
  • Stick to facts. Avoid emotional appeals

Every citation below links to the primary source on kenyalaw.org. Every entry carries a Sheria Smart verification date. Content is reviewed quarterly against the Kenya Gazette.

Constitution of Kenya, 2010

The supreme law. Contains the Bill of Rights in Chapter Four, Articles 19 to 59.

  • Article 48 — Access to justice
  • Article 50(1) — Right to fair hearing
  • Article 50(2)(g) — Right to choose representation
  • Article 50(2)(h) — State appointed counsel where substantial injustice would result
  • Article 159(2)(c) — Alternative dispute resolution
Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

Small Claims Court Act, No. 2 of 2016

Establishes the Small Claims Court. Designed for civil and commercial disputes up to KES 1,000,000 in a simple, informal, cost effective manner.

  • Section 4 — Establishment
  • Section 12 — Jurisdiction (KES 1,000,000 limit)
  • Section 31 — Representation: party may appear in person
  • Section 32 — Exclusion of strict rules of evidence
  • Section 34 — Expeditious disposal (60 days)
  • Section 38 — Appeals to the High Court on matters of law only
Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

Advocates Act, Cap 16 (Laws of Kenya)

Regulates the legal profession. Defines who is qualified to act as an advocate and what activities are reserved to advocates.

  • Section 9 — Qualifications for practising
  • Section 31 — Unqualified person not to act as advocate
  • Section 33 — Pretending to be an advocate is an offence
  • Section 34 — Reserved instruments
  • Section 35 — Endorsement requirement
  • Section 40 — No costs recoverable for unqualified work
Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

Legal Aid Act, No. 6 of 2016

Establishes the National Legal Aid Service. Operationalises the right to State counsel under Article 50(2)(h).

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

Civil Procedure Act, Cap 21 & Rules 2010

Governs civil proceedings in all courts of general jurisdiction. The Civil Procedure Rules 2010 contain Order 42 on appeals.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

Criminal Procedure Code, Cap 75

Governs procedure in criminal cases. Section 211(1) requires the court to explain defence rights to an unrepresented accused.

Last verified: 19 April 2026 · Read full text →

How Sheria Smart keeps this current

Every entry carries a source URL on kenyalaw.org, the date the Sheria Smart editorial team last verified the text against that source, and any amendment history known at verification. Changes to Kenyan statutes published in the Kenya Gazette are reviewed quarterly by the editorial team and updates are pushed within two weeks of gazettement. Users who notice an apparent discrepancy may email legal@sheriasmart.co.ke with the citation and the suspected amendment.

Next scheduled review: 19 July 2026

Self representation works well for small claims, simple tenancy disputes, clear consumer matters, and many tribunal proceedings. It becomes risky in the scenarios below. Engaging a qualified advocate here is an investment, not an expense.

Stakes

Claim value exceeds KES 500,000, or the matter could affect your home, your business, or your family's long term welfare.

Complexity

Multiple parties, conflicting contracts, foreign elements, or complex factual disputes.

Opposing counsel

The other side has engaged an advocate, especially a senior one. Equality of arms matters.

Criminal charges

You are charged with a criminal offence carrying a custodial sentence. Article 50(2)(h) may entitle you to State counsel if substantial injustice would otherwise result.

Land matters

Title disputes, boundary disputes, succession involving land, compulsory acquisition. Technically complex and high stakes.

Constitutional petitions

Article 22 petitions alleging infringement of a right are filed in the High Court and require technical drafting.

Appeals

Appellate practice has specialised rules. Grounds of appeal are technical and strict timelines apply.

Reserved instruments

Conveyances, company formation, certain partnership agreements. Section 34 of the Advocates Act requires an advocate.

How to find the right advocate

Use the Find an Advocate tile to connect with a verified LSK member near you. Kituo cha Sheria and FIDA Kenya offer free legal services for the indigent. The National Legal Aid Service may appoint counsel in criminal matters.

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